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Erb's palsy
Erb's palsy or Erb–Duchenne palsy is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the severing of the upper trunk C5–C6 nerves. These form part of the brachial plexus, comprising the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5–C8 and thoracic nerve T1.〔 pp.1037–1047〕〔 pp.370–374〕〔 pp.76–77〕 These injuries arise most commonly, but not exclusively, from shoulder dystocia during a difficult birth.〔(A.D.A.M Healthcare center )〕 Depending on the nature of the damage, the paralysis can either resolve on its own over a period of months, necessitate rehabilitative therapy, or require surgery.〔(Erb–Duchenne and Dejerine–Klumpke Palsies Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) )〕
==Cause==
The most common cause of Erb's palsy is dystocia, an abnormal or difficult childbirth or labor. For example, it can occur if the infant's head and neck are pulled toward the side at the same time as the shoulders pass through the birth canal. The condition can also be caused by excessive pulling on the shoulders during a cephalic presentation (head first delivery), or by pressure on the raised arms during a breech (feet first) delivery.〔〔Warwick, R., & Williams, P.L. (1973) p.1046〕 Erb's palsy can also affect neonates affected by a clavicle fracture unrelated to dystocia.
A similar injury may be observed at any age following trauma to the head and shoulder, which cause the nerves of the plexus to violently stretch, with the upper trunk of the plexus sustaining the greatest injury. Injury may also occur as the result of direct violence, including gunshot wounds and traction on the arm, or attempting to diminish shoulder joint dislocation. The level of damage to the constituent nerves is related to the amount of paralysis.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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